Blog Manager

Universal Article/Blog/News module

34. Loan Management

A digital banking platform designed for neobank-style use cases: customer onboarding, KYC, multi-currency accounts, internal & external transfers, deposits/withdrawals via multiple gateways, loans/savings modules, and granular staff controls—all wrapped in a responsive web UI with a CMS for the public landing pages.

Core Modules & How They Work

1) Customer Accounts & Onboarding

Self-registration + admin invite: Email/OTP verification, password rules, 2FA.
KYC profiles: Collects identity documents, addresses, selfies; multi-step review (Pending → Under Review → Approved/Rejected) with admin notes and resubmission requests.
User dashboard: Balances, recent transactions, quick actions (transfer, add beneficiary, deposit).
Multi-currency wallets: Create one or more currency accounts per user; configurable default currency; per-currency limits and fees.

2) Transfers & Payments

Internal transfers: Instant wallet-to-wallet between users in the same system, with memo, purpose codes, and fees/limits.
External/bank transfers: Beneficiary management (name, account number/IBAN, bank details), transfer reason, attachments (e.g., invoices), status tracking (Queued → Processing → Completed/Failed).
Scheduled & recurring transfers: Set frequency, start/end dates, and per-occurrence caps.
Payment requests: Generate a request link or send to registered users; payer can accept/decline; automatic notifications.
Exchange between currencies: Convert funds using admin-set FX rates/margins with fee visibility before confirmation.
Bill payments (where enabled): Configurable biller list, reference validation, payer receipts.

3) Deposits & Withdrawals

Deposit channels: Online gateways (card/wallet), offline/manual (bank slip), and crypto or local rails where configured. Proof upload + admin verification for manual flows.
Withdrawal methods: Bank account, mobile money, or custom payout rails; optional whitelist of approved beneficiaries; per-method limits and cooling periods.
Fee matrices & limits: Define fixed/percent fees, daily/monthly caps, per-transaction min/max, and tiered fee schedules (e.g., loyalty/VIP tiers).

4) Savings, Term Deposits & Loans

Savings goals / vaults: Lock funds, track goal progress, apply bonus interest (pro-rata).
Fixed/term deposits: Tenors, interest rates (simple/compounded), early-withdrawal penalties, auto-rollover.
Loans: Product catalog (Personal, SME, Salary advance), interest types, origination fees, collateral notes.
Application & underwriting: Form with required docs, admin scoring fields, approval/decline with conditions.
Repayment schedules: Amortization plan, EMI reminders, partial/early settlement handling, late-fee rules.

5) Compliance, Security & Risk Controls

KYC/AML: Required document types by country/tier, PEP/sanctions checklist fields, manual flags, SAR notes.
Transaction monitoring: Thresholds, velocity checks, blacklisted destinations, purpose code enforcement, hold/review queues.
Auth security: 2FA (email/app/OTP), session/IP/device logging, password policy, reCAPTCHA on high-risk forms.
Audit trails: Every critical action (login, KYC decision, fund move, config change) is logged with actor, timestamp, and before/after values.

6) Admin, Roles & Branch Ops

Role-based access control (RBAC): Unlimited roles (e.g., Teller, Compliance, Support, Finance, Super Admin). Fine-grained screen/action permissions.
Team/branch segmentation: Optional branch tags on users/transactions, branch dashboards and reports.
Queues & worklists: Dedicated KYC queue, transfer review queue, dispute queue, loan applications queue with filters and bulk actions.

7) Communications & UX

Email/SMS templates: Token-based templates for OTPs, receipts, transfer alerts; per-event toggles.
In-app notifications & activity feed: Real-time signals for approvals, declines, incoming payments.
Branded documents: Payment receipts, loan sanction letters, account statements (CSV/PDF export).
CMS & pages: Editable landing pages, FAQs, blog/news module, SEO basics (meta title/description), media manager, menu builder.
Theming: Logo/colors, footer/header snippets, announcement bars, maintenance mode.

8) Reporting & Reconciliation

Operational reports: Deposits, withdrawals, transfers, fee income, FX revenue, loan portfolio, arrears aging, KYC funnel.
Statements & exports: Per-account statements, date-range filters, CSV/XLS/PDF export; batch exports for finance.
Reconcile views: Manual settlement views for cash-in/out, orphan payment identification, adjustment entries (with mandatory reason codes).

9) Technology & Deployment (typical)

Stack: PHP/Laravel, MySQL/MariaDB, Redis or database queues (optional), Bootstrap/Tailwind frontend depending on theme version.
Env: Apache/Nginx, PHP 8.x recommended, CLI access for cron/queues.
Background jobs: Cron for interest accrual, statement generation, reminder emails, scheduled transfers.
Extensibility: Service-like architecture for payment methods; language manager for i18n; settings stored in DB; event hooks for notifications.

Best Features

Bank-grade user flows without reinventing the wheel
KYC, approvals, beneficiary whitelists, and scheduled transfers are ready out of the box, saving months of product work.
Granular fee/limit engine
You can model almost any fee policy—fixed, percentage, tiered—and gate it by method, currency, user tier, or time window.
Multi-currency done right
Isolated wallets per currency, inline FX conversion with rate margins, and currency-aware statements.
Queue-based operations
KYC, payouts, disputes, and manual deposits each have their own review queues—clean boundaries for ops teams.
Loans + savings inside the same ledger
Run lending and deposits in one place, with aligned schedules, interest accrual, receipts, and penalties.
Deep auditability
Complete action logs and downloadable artefacts (receipts, statements) simplify compliance and internal audits.
Ops-friendly CMS
Marketing can update the landing site, banners, FAQs, and announcements without touching code.
Configurable notifications
Template-driven email/SMS/notification events for every critical lifecycle step (onboarding, transfers, loans, deposits).

High-Value Use-Case Scenarios

Neobank MVP / pilot
Launch fast in one or two countries: basic onboarding, KYC, internal/external transfers, and deposits. Add FX and savings later.
Community/Co-op banking
Member accounts, pooled savings products, internal transfers with low fees, admin-approved withdrawals, and branch-level reporting.
Employer payroll & advances
Batch salary uploads to employee accounts, scheduled payouts, optional salary-advance loans with automated EMI deductions.
NGO disbursements & stipends
KYC light tiers, beneficiary whitelisting, restricted-purpose payouts, and audit-ready reports for donors.
Marketplace escrow/payout hub
Sellers maintain multi-currency balances; platform pays out via configured withdrawal rails; fee splits and statements for finance.
Micro-lending
Simple loan products, document-based underwriting, repayment reminders, late fees, and portfolio/arrears reporting.

What the daily ops actually look like

Compliance never leaves their queue: They screen new users, request missing docs, approve/decline profiles, and flag accounts.
Finance monitors flows & fees: Real-time deposit/withdrawal dashboards, daily reconciliation export, fee income tracking.
Support resolves disputes quickly: Looks up transactions, attaches evidence, issues partial/full reversals (where configured), and leaves audit-logged notes.
Admins tune economics: Adjust fees/limits, FX margins, interest rates, and loan tenors without redeploying code.

Configuration Highlights

Tiers & limits: Map KYC tiers to higher limits and extra features (e.g., external transfers).
Gateways & rails: Enable only the deposit/withdraw methods you support; set per-method fees, min/max, and review requirements.
Approval chains: Force maker-checker (dual approval) for high-value transfers or profile edits.
Rates engine: Define FX rates and spread; interest rates on savings/term deposits; loan APRs and penalty rules.
Templates & branding: Email/SMS/receipts, statement header/footer, and theme colors—all editable.
Scheduled jobs: Interest accrual, statement generation, reminders, and scheduled transfers—ensure cron is configured from day one.

Implementation

Start with sandbox rails: Wire up 1–2 deposit/withdraw methods end-to-end in a staging environment; validate fees/limits and receipt formats.
Define your KYC policy early: Required documents per country/tier, manual vs. auto checks, and SLAs for review.
Separate roles cleanly: Create distinct roles for Compliance, Finance, Support, and Admin; restrict destructive actions to maker-checker flows.
Name your fee accounts: Track fee income and FX margin separately for clean financial reporting.
Automate exports: Schedule daily CSV/PDF statements and reconciliation files to secure storage.
Log everything: Keep robust audit logs and enable 2FA organization-wide.

Limitations to plan around

Card issuing & BIN sponsorship: Not a card-issuer; virtual/physical card programs require external partners.
Regulatory coverage: You still need local licensing/compliance; the software provides workflows, not legal permissions.
Core banking depth: It’s a strong wallet/neo-bank layer; if you need full double-entry GL with multi-entity consolidations, plan customizations or a dedicated ledger.

Quick Checklist (before go-live)

KYC tiers, doc types, and review SLAs set
Fees/limits per method/currency/user tier configured
FX rates & margins defined; conversion tested
Deposit/withdraw rails tested (success/fail/chargeback paths)
Maker-checker approvals for high-risk actions
Cron jobs scheduled & monitored
Templates branded (emails, receipts, statements)
Audit/export retention policy in place

In: Marketing Tools